Table 3 Locations where invasive ants have been detected in South Korea. Anoplolepis gracilipes Linepithema humile Solenopsis invicta Scientific name Discovery date 2019-11 Container terminal at Incheon Port (Inside an imported container) 2022-10-21 Container terminal at Incheon Port (Inside an imported container) 2019-08-13 Busan Station (concrete gap in container yard) 2019-12-22 Kwangyang (concrete gap in container yard) 2020-06-21 Busan Station (container yard and nearby pedestrian road) 2017-9-28 Gamman Pier in Busan Port (concrete gap of container yard) 2018-02-19 Bonded warehouse at Incheon Port (imported seedlings) 2018-05-30 Hutchison Pier in Busan Port (imported bamboo inside container) 2018-06-18 Container terminal at Pyeongtaek Port (concrete gap in container 2018-06-20 Hutchison Pier in Busan Port (concrete gap in container yard) 2018-07-06 Container terminal at Incheon Port (concrete gap in container yard) yard) Fig. 2 Locations where invasive ants have been detected in South Korea. S.H. PARK remain active throughout the year in Busan. 3.3 Solenopsis invicta Buren, 1972 Solenopsis invicta, commonly known as the red imported fire ant, was designated as a first-grade ecological risk species in South Korea in 2017. It is managed by the Ministry of Environment as an ecosystem-disturbing species and by the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency as a controlled pest. The species was first discovered in South Korea in September 2017 at Gamman Pier it has been intermittently detected during import processes at Incheon Port, Pyeongtaek Port, Busan Port, Daegu and Ansan (Table 3, Fig. 2). • Instances of Discovery : This species has had the greatest number of recorded instances, spanning from 2017 to 2024. Key discoveries include: Discovery location Number of specimens detected 3 queens 360 workers 620 pupae 320 workers 3,000(1 colony) 840(1 colony) Introduction pathway Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam Hai Phong, Vietnam - - - - - 250 queens 12,200 workers 1,000 workers (1 colony) 1 worker 2 workers 743(1 colony) - Fujian, China Fujian, China - - - as the United States and Japan. In South Korea, Linepithema humile was first discovered near the container yard at Busan Station in August 2019 (Lee et al., 2020b). Since then, numerous nests have been found within a 1 km radius of the initial discovery site. Some of these nests have been highly dense, with thousands of individuals, including multiple queens. In regions where the Argentine ant has established itself, native ant species are rarely observed. Since its discovery in Busan, it has significantly reduced the diversity of native ant species in the area. Despite seasonal variations in activity, both worker and queen ants in Busan. Since then, 182 • Discovery Locations: The ants were found primarily in concrete gaps in container yards and pedestrian roads near Busan Station, highlighting these locations as potential hotspots for infestations. • Introduction Pathways: The sources were identified
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