Fig. 10 A UAV mounted with a broadcast seeder to fly over the difficult terrain. Fig. 11 Cans set on the ground during a control bait drop test. Fig. 8 A motorized fertilizer spreader is mounted on an ATV for broadcasting the control baits. Fig. 9 An ATV overturned in a ditch concealed by thick overgrown grass. H. LIN and C. LIN situations, such as unexpected attacks by hornets, snakes or ferocious wild beasts. The evenness of pesticide coverage and the rate of pesticide fumigation were observed to be higher with UAVs than with ATVs (Fig. 11). 2.3 Novel Measures to Detect RIFA - Detection Dogs and Fire Ant Automatic Image Recognition System (FAIRS) RIFA surveying plays the most important role in the entire management program. Correctly locating ant nests or colonies prevents RIFA not only from re-propagating but also from invading and expanding to new areas. Attractive bait RIFA detection dogs can locate nests (Fig. 12) or small numbers of RIFA (>10 ants), and also show high specificity to RIFA (Fig. 13) (Lin et al., 2011.) By patrolling the target area, dogs have been shown capable of assisting RIFA control programs at nursery farms traps and visual traps, pitfall inspection are commonly used for detection of RIFA. However, the ant nests often lack obvious mound shapes and tend to be broken where management has been implemented. Nests may also be concealed in grass sod or hidden inside electronic appliances, which all make visual inspection less effective. In addition, once the nest or ant numbers per hectare are low because of multiple control applications, trap methods may become less efficient at locating RIFA nests (Oi et al., 2004.) and the cost of finding the remaining nests soon rises sharply. There is a need to complement this final step. All terrain vehicles (ATVs) mounted with motorized fertilizer spreaders are commonly used to spread control baits (Fig. 8) (Nester & Lepley, 2015). Ensuring that the baits cover the target area evenly is important, but difficult terrain like mountains, hills, rocky areas, dense vegetation and deep holes often hinders pest control, leading to insufficient bait coverage (Fig. 9). A UAV equipped with a seeder for granule application was developed to fly over these difficult areas for RIFA control (Fig. 10). UAVs free the control specialists from work in difficult terrain and also keep them out of dangerous 146 although they may vary in different cases. 2.2 The Guardian Angel for Large Aerial Pesticide Sprinkling – Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) To reach the desired control effect against RIFA across a region, area-wide spreading of granular control insect growth toxic chemicals or baits containing regulators (IGRs) is the key step, especially for managing tiny or concealed nests. Through trophallaxis, the active component of control baits is gradually spread among the entire ant population, taking down all colonies (Cassill & Tschinkel.; 1996; Kafle et al., 2010).
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