60 --(3.9)------------(3.9)--------3(75.0)----------1(25.0)--3(5.4)7(12.5)3(5.4)1(1.8)----2(3.6)7(12.5)--8(14.3)18(32.1)-6(10.7)----2(3.6)20(35.7)--6(8.6)19(27.1)1(1.4)--5(7.8)4(6.3)1(1.6)3(6.0)4(8.0)3(6.0)--7(8.8)6(7.5)10(12.5)3(3.8)9(11.3)4(5.0)7(8.8)6(7.5)27(33.8)3(4.7)11(17.2)5(7.8)4(6.3)6(8.5)8(11.3)----9(1.9)10487--00--24--6232(3.6)656--770--7645(10.0)8501(1.3)1080--9691(8.5)771Table 2 Ant species, individual counts and percentage collected from April 2022 to January 2023 on Route B (560 m), located 210 m away from Route A in Nanko Port. The data were collected using the time-unit sampling method (Nakajima et al., 2013), for 30 minutes. Population data are shown for each survey date. S. INOUE and S. UEDA Shannon-Wiener index (H’), and Pielou’s evenness index (J’) for Route A were lower than those for Route B. Through a distribution survey conducted across the 15 grids in the eastern part of Nanko Port, we collected 259 individuals from 10 ant species of nine genera, four Fig. 5 Seasonal change in populations of Pheidole nodus, Tetramorium tsushimae, Paratrechina amia and Crematogaster matsumurai ant individuals collected from April 2022 to January 2023 on Route B (560 m) in Nanko Port. The data were collected using the time-unit sampling method (Nakajima et al., 2013), for 30 minutes. Table 3 Comparison of ant abundance, diversity and evenness between Route A (invaded by Le. frauenfeldi) and Route B (not invaded by Le. frauenfeldi) using Simpson’s index (1-λ), the Shannon-Weiner index (H’) and Pielou’s evenness index (J’) from April 2022 to January 2023. On Route B, we collected 487 individuals from ten ant species of ten genera and three subfamilies during 10 surveys conducted from April 2022 to January 2023 (Table 2). The four species with the highest populations were P. nodus (138 individuals, 28.4%), T. tsushimae (81 individuals, 16.8%), Paratrechina amia (69 individuals, 13.7%) and C. matsumurai (60 individuals, 12.4%) (Table 2; Fig. 5). Throughout the survey period, neither the browsing ant not the Argentine ant were observed. The number of P. nodus individuals was highest in May to June and August to November 2022. The number of C. matsumurai individuals was highest in April and July 2022. The number of P. amia individuals was highest in December 2023. In the surveys conducted in January 2023, no ant species were detected. We compared the total number of ants, the number of Le. frauenfeldi, species richness, Simpson’s index (1-λ), the Shannon-Weiner index (H’) and Pielou’s evenness index (J’) of ants between Route A and B between April 2022 and January 2023 (Table 3). The total number of ants in the invaded site was about three times higher than in the non-invaded site, and 1,559 of 1,582 (99%) were the individuals of Le. frauenfeldi. The species richness of Routes A and B were six and ten, respectively. However, Simpson’s index (1-λ), the Shannon-Weiner index (H’) and Pielou’s evenness index (J’) of Route A were greatly lower than that of Route B. We compared the total number of ants, the number of Le. frauenfeldi ants, species richness, Simpson’s index (1-λ), the Shannon-Wiener index (H’), and Pielou’s evenness index (J’) between Route A and Route B from April 2022 to January 2023 (Table 3). The total number of ants in the invaded site was about three times higher than in the non-invaded site, with 1,559 out of 1,582 individuals (99%) being Le. frauenfeldi. The species richness on Route A and Route B was six and ten, the respectively. However, Simpson’s index (1-λ), 128 13(18.3)26(36.6)--4(5.6)13(8.8)11(17.2)1(1.6)12(18.8)3(4.7)19(29.7)Total number of antsThe number of Lepisiota frauenfeldiSpecies richnessSimpson’s indexShannon-Weiner divetsity indexPielou’s evenness indexRoute A(invaded)1582Route B(non-invaded)4871559100.030.840.040.870.040.87Species nameFormicaneCamponotus vitiosusFormica japonica Paratrechina amiaNylanderia flavipesMyrimicinaeTetramorium tsushimaeCrematogaster matsumurai Brachyponera chinensisMonomorium chinensePheidole nodusPonerinaeBrachyponera chinensisSpecies richnessAnnual count2022Apr-22May-22Jun-22Jul-22Aug-22Sep-22Oct-22Nov-22Dec-2211(22.0)18(36.0)--3(6.0)3(6.0)18(28.1)4(6.3)--6(9.4)26(40.6)12(17.1)7(10.0)--3(4.3)22(31.4)2023Jan-23TotalcountJapanese nameヤヤママアアリリ亜亜科科19ウメマツオオアリクロヤマアリ51(10.6)69(13.7)12(2.5)ケブカアメイロアリアメイロアリフフタタフフシシアアリリ亜亜科科トビイロシワアリ81(16.8)60(12.4)19ハリブトシリアゲアリアミメアリクロヒメアリ29(6.0)138(28.4)オオズアリハハリリアアリリ亜亜科科オオハリアリ
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