3 92063--(1.0)----(0.1)--(0.6)--(0.1)111----------118----------371----------1124--2(1.0)------2210----------1204------3(1.2)--2249--2(0.7)------2304------3(1.2)--3259----2(1.5)8(6.1)--3132------1(1.6)462----------122----------114----------126--3(3.5)----1(1.2)586--2(1.8)----1(0.9)3110--6(3.7)2(1)4(2.5)--4161127 Table 1 Ant species, individual counts and percentages collected from September 2021 to January 2023 on Route A (500 m), a sidewalk adjacent to a roadway in the port area of Nanko Port. The data were collected using the time-unit sampling method (Nakajima et al., 2013), for 30 minutes. Population data are shown for each survey date. Fig. 4 Seasonal changes in populations of ant individuals for Le. frauenfeldi, Linepithema humile, Tetramorium tsushimae and Monomorium chinense collected from September 2021 to January 2023 on Route A (500 m) in Nanko Port. The data were collected using the time-unit sampling method (Nakajima et al., 2013), for 30 minutes. Distribution and population of the browsing ant in Osaka attacked Ueda and Murakami (2022) found workers of this species at Nanko Port, Nanko-Higashi, Suminoe Ward, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture, Japan, on July 14, 2018. Shortly after placing bait traps (snacks) at that location, workers of Pheidole indica, Monomorium chinense, and Crematogaster matsumurai were attracted by the bait. Thirty minutes later, a Le. frauenfeldi worker came to the a Crematogaster location. The worker matsumurai worker, grasped it by the mandibles, and carried it away (Fig. 1; Ueda & Murakami, 2022). As Le. frauenfeldi is known to pray on other ants (Blard et al., 2003), the worker was attracted by the ants drawn to the bait traps. The number of Le. frauenfeldi workers was low in the survey of July 2018, and we could not locate their colony. On 18 October 2019, a colony of this species, including two de-alate queens, numerous alate males and workers was found at the same location (Ueda & Murakami, 2022). The nest had been created under the roots of a weed growing in a gap in the concrete. The observed queens and males were seen walking alongside workers on the ground outside of nest. Terayama (2017) also reported that some queens and males were walking alongside workers on the ground outside of their nest. Typically, in ants, new queens and males fly out of the nest and mate in midair, and then the new queens establish new colonies. This species, however, may not engage in nuptial flights and might instead establish new colonies by crawling away from the original nest. Additionally, some workers of this species were observed attacking a tropical banded cricket, Gryllodes sigillatus and attending black bean aphids, Aphis fabae as they fed on the phloem sap of spotted spurge, Chamaesyce maculata on October 18, 2019 (Ueda & Murakami, 2022). On Route A, we collected 2,063 individuals from nine ant species of nine genera, four subfamilies during 17 surveys conducted from September 2021 to January 2023. The four species with the highest populations were Le. frauenfeldi (2,000 individuals, 96.7%), Linepithema humile individuals, 1.0%), and Tetramorium tsushimae (15 individuals, 0.7%), Monomorium chinense (12 individuals, 0.6 %) (Table 1). The browsing ant was observed with the highest frequency, accounting for 77 to 100 percent of the population throughout the survey period (Table 1, Fig. 4). The invasive Argentine ant Li. humile was observed with frequencies of 21 percent in March and 6.1 percent in April 2021, respectively. The frequency of other ant species was relatively low, ranging from 0.4 to 3.7 percent per survey. The number of Le. frauenfeldi individuals decreased from 149 in September 2021 to 14 in January 2022, and then increased, reaching a peak of 302 individuals in June 2022 and a low of 11 individuals in January 2023 (Table 1). In the surveys conducted in January 2022 and January 2023, Le. frauenfeldi and Li. humile were observed, but no other ant species were detected. (21 77(90.6)3(3.5)--2(2.4)26(100)------14(100)------22(100)-----46(74.2)----2(3.2)13(21.0)208(99.0)------124(124)------69(97.2)1(1.4)1(1.4)--18(100.0)------FormicaneDolichoderinaeMyrimicinaePonerinae3.1 Behavioral Observations 3.2 Distribution and Seasonal Population Changes 3. Results Species2021Sep-21Oct-21Nov-21Dec-21Lepisiota frauenfeldi149(92.5)------107(97.2)------Camponotus vitiosusFormica japonicaNylanderia flavipesLinepithema humileTetramorium tsushimaeCrematogaster matsumurai Monomorium chinenseBrachyponera chinensisSpecies richnessAnnual count2022Jan-22Feb-22Mar-22Apr-22May-22Jun-22Jul-22Aug-22Sep-22Oct-22Nov-22Dec-22122(92.4)------255(98.5)--1(0.4)--302(98.4)------246(98.8)------204(100)------2023Jan-23TotalcoutJapanese nameヤヤママアアリリ亜亜科科11(100)------(0.2)2000(96.7)4(0.2)2(0.1)4ハヤトゲフシアリウメマツオオアリクロヤマアリアメイロアリカカタタアアリリ亜亜科科21アルゼンチンアリフフタタフフシシアアリリ亜亜科科トビイロシワアリ15(0.7)2ハリブトシリアゲアリクロヒメアリ12ハハリリアアリリ亜亜科科オオハリアリ
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