4. Conclusion K. GOKA Environmental Office of the Ministry of the Environment serving as the base. This council provides advice on control methods based on a manual developed by the National for Environmental Studies and organizes an annual meeting to discuss control plans for each fiscal year. The establishment of this council has succeeded in fostering a sense of solidarity and responsibility among the local governments through sharing of the issues they face and new insights, thereby enhancing motivation for control efforts. In fact, populations in Shizuoka City and Shinagawa Ward were confirmed to have been eradicated in 2019 and 2020, respectively (Shizuoka City, 2019; Shinagawa Ward Urban Environment Div., 2022). is Additionally, expected that Argentine ant populations in the Kanto region have been largely suppressed. In addition, since FY 2017, we have established the “Chubu Region Argentine Ant Control Council,” which, similar to the initiative in the Kanto Region, promotes the control of Argentine ant populations through regional collaboration in Kakamigahara City, Gifu Prefecture, as well as in Tahara City, Toyohashi City and Tokai City in Aichi Prefecture. Furthermore, we are continuously improving the formulation of bait agents to enhance control efficiency, and it is anticipated that the Argentine ant management system will become increasingly sophisticated in the future. In line with technological innovations, we are also promoting control efforts in the Kansai and Chugoku regions of Japan which Argentine ants have invaded with high density, with the ultimate goal of eradicating Argentine ants from Japan, as envisioned by the National Institute for Environmental Studies. This paper has focused on chemical control methods for Argentine ants, highlighting the most concrete examples and accumulated results. We have reviewed projects for controlling and cases in which Argentine ants have been eradicated in the United States, Australia and New Zealand. Most of the reports, however, have only confirmed success at eradication or population reduction, and there have been few cases analyzing populations ecologically in detail. Therefore, we introduced, in particular, systematic eradication projects that have been successful in Japan. We think that the keys to the success of re-infestation suppression in Japan can be summarized as follows: local population eradication and ・ The distribution range and population density of Argentine ants were quantitatively and regularly monitored, and the eradication area was adaptively set. ・ The amount of bait to be applied was calculated based We separately assessed the effects of L. humile abundance and fipronil exposure on non-target ants and other invertebrates using generalized linear models. The abundance of L. humile and the number of pesticide treatments were negatively associated with the total number of non-target individuals and taxonomic richness. We also noted negative relationships between the number of individuals of some ant species and other invertebrate taxonomic groups. The L. humile × pesticide interaction was significant, suggesting that the abundance of L. humile affected the level of impact of pesticide treatment on non-target fauna. Second, we evaluated the dynamics of non-target ant communities for three years using principal response curve analyses. Non-target ant communities treated with fipronil continuously for three years recovered poorly, whereas those treated for one year recovered to the level of the untreated and non-invaded environment (Sakamoto et al., 2019). From these data, it was concluded that while the application of the insecticide resulted in certain negative the positive effects effects on native populations, stemming from the removal of Argentine ants were also significant. Ultimately, once the control measures were completed and the application of the agent ceased, it is expected that the native populations will be restored. Our studies indicate that by adequately monitoring the dynamics of both Argentine ants and native species while prescribing an appropriate dosage of the agent at the right time, it is possible to control Argentine ants while minimizing ecological risks. On the other hand, it is crucial to accumulate additional control cases and gather chemical analysis data to enhance risk assessments associated with chemical control, thereby developing risk management methods and contributing to safer and more secure eradication efforts. Local Governments, the Ministry of the Environment, and the National Institute for Environmental Studies Currently, the National Institute for Environmental Studies is developing a control manual that packages these control and eradication verification methods (Ministry of the Environment, 2012). This manual aims to expand the application of Argentine ant control projects across various regions, facilitating nationwide efforts to eradicate this species. Since FY 2014, following the initiative in Ota Ward, efforts to control established populations of Argentine ants have been promoted in Shinagawa Ward, Tokyo; Yokohama City, Kanagawa Prefecture; and Shizuoka City, Shizuoka Prefecture. To facilitate these control programs, local governments and control operators have been brought together to establish the “Kanto Region Argentine the Kanto Regional Ant Control Council,” with Institute the population to be eradicated shortly, in Yokohama City indicating 122 separately from the positive effects of such releases. 3.4 Collaborative Promotion of Control Measures by
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