3. The Frontline of Invasive Ant Control in Japan : Successful Local Eradication of Argentine Ants 119 and Chemical control of Argentine ant Next, we installed repeatedly and replaced commercially available bait containing 0.005 percent fipronil at 5 to 10-meter intervals along roadsides and around buildings within the foraging range of the Argentine ants on a monthly basis. Additionally, we installed adhesive traps every month to monitor the dynamics of the Argentine ants’ foraging range, and implemented adaptive control by adjusting the area and amount of bait installation each month according to the observed range. following eradication successes have been reported: A 1-hectare Argentine ant infestation around a shopping centre in the Perth suburb of Victoria Park in Western Australia was baited with 5g/kg hydramethylnon contained within a Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australian (DAFWA) bait matrix. Two treatments were conducted in July and August 1994. No L. humile have been found in multiple visual surveys since the second treatment. 2.3 Argentine Ant Control Case in New Zealand 2.4 Other Argentine Ant Control Cases A 6-hectare L. humile infestation encompassing the Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital in Perth, Western Australia was delimited and treated in August 1996 using 10g/kg sulfluramid within the DAFWA bait matrix. A small area required retreatment 43 and 88 weeks later. No Argentine ants have been detected by visual surveys in this area since. A 41-hectare L. humile infestation in the Brisbane suburb of Geebung, Queensland was treated in December 2002 using a DAFWA bait matrix containing 10ppm fipronil. A second treatment covering 7 hectares of surviving ants was conducted in March 2003. Post-treatment assessments of this work are potentially insufficient, but no L. humile have since been found in visual assessments, the last assessment occurring on 15 July 2008. The first established population in New Zealand was discovered in Auckland in 1990 (Green, 1990). Since then, their presence has been confirmed in various locations across both the North and South Islands (Ward et al., 2010). In 2001, a single application of fipronil bait treatment was administered to six established populations across three regions in the country, including the protected area of Tiritiri Matangi Island, successfully reducing the populations to less than 1 percent of their initial density. The amount of pesticide applied at that time, in terms of the active ingredient fipronil, was up to 60 grams per hectare, nearly 100 times the standard single-application rate used in Japan. Thanks to the high dosage, the density of Argentine ants reportedly remained low for nine months following the treatment (Harris et al., 2002). Control efforts continued thereafter, and in 2016, the government announced the successful eradication of the Argentine ant population on Tiritiri Matangi Island (Green, 2019). In Europe, particularly along the Mediterranean coast, the distribution of Argentine ants has expanded over large areas, yet reports on control efforts are scarce. Meanwhile, numerous studies have focused on genetic analysis and behavioral investigations related to their distinctive nest structure (super-colony) (e.g., Tsutsui et al., 2001; Giraud et al., 2002; Vogel et al., 2009). Unfortunately, there are still no cases where this scientific information has been applied to control efforts. Since fiscal year (FY) 2006 in Tahara City, Aichi Prefecture, and FY 2009 in Kakamigahara City, Gifu Prefecture, the Ministry of the Environment has promoted a three-year control project in each area, using the data collected thereby to create the Argentine Ant Control Manual (Ministry of the Environment, 2012). However, despite these efforts, neither area succeeded in controlling the Argentine ant populations. In fact, some regions have seen an expansion in distribution, and the control efforts ultimately ended in failure. 3.1 Experimental Control Targeting an Established Population in Ota Ward, Tokyo by the National Institute for Environmental Studies In 2010, the National Institute for Environmental Studies initiated a pest control research project aimed at the established population in Ota Ward, Tokyo, following the confirmation of its establishment in the two-port area (Tokai Area and Jonan-Jima Area) of the ward. The project aims to systematically reduce the population through planned control measures, ultimately leading to its is being implemented primarily by the National Institute for Environmental Studies in collaboration with the Kanto Branch of the Ministry of the Environment, the Nature Conservation pesticide manufacturers. successful eradication. This project First, we carried out monitoring in the area through visual observations and adhesive traps set up at 50-meter intervals to determine the foraging range of the Argentine ant workers. As a result, it was found that the foraging range of the alien ants extended over an area of 16 hectares in the Jonan Island area of Ota Ward and 8.5 hectares in the Tokai area. When a nest was found, a concentrated solution containing 0.005 percent fipronil was sprayed with a high-pressure sprayer to ensure direct exposure of the queen and larvae/pupae residing in the nest to the pesticide. Furthermore, during the first year, one habitat block Research Center,
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