etarytilatromfoytilibaborpdetciderP Fig. 2 Fumigation effects of mAITC on RIFA. Modified from Hashimoto et al., 2020. Fig. 3 Arrangement of containers used in the RIFA repellent transportation experiment with mAITC in Taiwan. 111 Microencapsulated wasabi for preventing Solenopsis invicta invasions from escaping. The cardboard boxes, along with 50g of mAITC pellets (WASABI-pellets) for fumigation, were then placed inside a gas barrier bag. After one day, we examined the survival rate of RIFA workers inside the gas barrier bag. In control bags (without WASABI-pellets), the average mortality rate was only 0.13 ±0.30 (13%).In contrast, in the bags with WASABI pellets, most of the RIFA workers had died, with an average mortality rate of 0.89±0.32 (89%) (Fig. 2). We used generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) with binomial distribution and a logistic regression to compare mortality rates between control and treated groups (Fig. 2). These results link indicated that mAITC demonstrated significant efficacy in fumigating RIFA within one day. In other words, mAITC can be used as a potent repellent for RIFA and has also proven effective as a fumigant for RIFA under sealed conditions. 2.3 Verification of the Efficacy of AITC in Real Maritime Transport Sea Containers After these evaluations, we finally conducted a field examination of the effectiveness of mAITC repellency using standard 20-foot sea containers (6.058m × 2.438m × 2.591m) in Taiwan, which are the most frequently used size in maritime transportation (Sakamoto et al., in prep.). We set up two containers in the experimental field so that they were positioned at a right angle to each other (Fig. 3). We divided the interior of the container into five experimental zones using a gas barrier film that had been proven effective against AITC (Hashimoto et al., 2020, 2022). The experimental zones were arranged in a gradient, with the concentration of AITC increasing progressively toward the rear of the container. We then placed large plastic trays (410mm × 715mm × 207mm), coated with fluon on the inner walls to prevent RIFA workers from escaping, two trays in each experimental zone. On top of the trays, we stacked cardboard boxes, each containing the required number of wasabi sheets, in six layers to form a single tower (Fig.4). Then, we placed 100 freshly collected RIFA workers in the bottom tray of each tower in the experimental zones with a water supply. After that, we closed the container doors. In the control containers, the experiment was conducted under the same conditions, except that no wasabi sheets were placed inside the cardboard boxes. After seven days, we opened the containers and checked whether RIFA had entered the cardboard boxes and whether they were still alive under each condition. ControlwithmAITCGLMM,χ2=83.61,df=1,P<0.001
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