Fig 5. (A) Newly developed silicone resin (product name: NICH Pro). (B) This resin exhibits high permeability and ultra-fast curing properties, allowing it to fill cracks rapidly (viscosity: 70 mPa·s; skin-over time: 20 min). (C) Cracks filled with this resin demonstrate excellent weed prevention properties. Y. HASHIMOTO et al. Conservation Bureau, Ministry of the Environment, Japan. This research would not have been possible without their help. This work was supported by the Environment Research Funds (JPMEERF20214G01) and (JPMEERF20194004) of the Ministry of the Environment. References Aoyama Y., Yoshimura, M., Ogasawara, M., Suwabe, M. and Economo E.P. (2020) Potential economic impact of invasion by the red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta in Okinawa, Japan. Japanese Journal of Ecology, 70: 3–14. Angulo, E., Hoffmann, B.D., Ballesteros-Mejia, L., et al. (2022) Economic costs of invasive alien ants worldwide. Biological Invasions, 24(7): 2041–2060. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530- 022-02791-w Bertelsmeier, C., Ollier, S., Liebhold, A.M., Brockerhoff, E.G., Ward, D. and Keller, L. (2018) Recurrent bridgehead effects accelerate global alien ant spread. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(21): 5486–5491. Caldera, E.J., Ross, K.G., DeHeer, C.J. and Shoemaker, D.D. (2008) Putative native source of the invasive fire ant Solenopsis invicta in the USA. Biological Invasions, 10: 1457–1479. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-008-9219-0 Chen J.S.C, Shen C.H. and Lee H.J. (2006) Monogynous and polygynous red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), in Taiwan. Environmental Entomology, 35:167–172. https://doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-35. 1.167 Commonwealth of Australia (2019) National pest & disease outbreaks. Browsing ant. Retrieved from https://www.outbreak. gov.au/current-responses-to-outbreaks/browsing-ant. (accessed 1 October 2024) Ha, M.S. and Chang, B.K. (2008) Strategic approach of dredging the port of Busan with the change of global port logistics circumstances: Focusing on financial validity. Journal of Korea Port Economic Association, 24(2): 131–154. Hashimoto, Y., Yoshimura, M. and Huang, R.N. (2019) Wasabi versus red imported fire ants: preliminary test of repellency of microencapsulated allyl isothiocyanate against Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) using bait traps in Taiwan. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 54: 193–196. Hashimoto, Y., Sakamoto, H., Asai, H., Yasoshima, M., Lin, H. M. and Goka, K. (2022) Effectiveness of allyl isothiocyanate in polyethylene as a repellent against microencapsulated Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) infestation of corrugated cardboard boxes in field experiment. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 57(3): 257–262. Hashimoto, Y., Hironori Sakamoto, H., Mitushasi, H., Asai, H. and Goka, K. (2024) Shoot fire ants with wasabi and silicone: The current state of Solenopsis invicta invasion in Japan and novel countermeasures to protect global trade. International Congress of Entomology, 25–30 August 2024. International Plant Protection Convention Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO) (2024) JETRO Global Trade and Investment Report 2024. https://www.jetro.go.jp/ ext_images/en/reports/white_paper/trade_invest_2024.pdf (accessed 1 October 2024) (2017) Complementary Action Plan for Assessing and Managing the Pest Threats Associated with Sea Containers. Rome, IPPC Secretariat, FAO. assets.ippc.int/static/media/files/publication/en/ 2017/07/Complementary_Action_Plan_CPM12.pd (accessed 1 October 2024) (IPPC) it has been confirmed in cooperation with Global trade has brought prosperity and benefits to societies around the world. The movement of goods through such trade, however, has provided pathways for invasive alien species to spread and colonize new areas. Given the globalization of Japan’s economy, Japan will likely face ongoing challenges against the invasion of not only S. invicta, but also other alien species. In fact, the intensive port surveys for S. invicta have led to the discovery of the invasive alien ant Lepisiota frauenfeldi (Mayr) (browsing ant) as an added benefit of the surveys. These ants are reported to quickly reach very high populations and to displace native ant species and other (Commonwealth of Australia, 2019). invertebrates invasion of Wasmannia the in 2023, Furthermore, auropunctata (Roger) (little fire ant or electric ant), which also has a poisonous stinger was confirmed from a marine container from the Philippines. Continued vigilance and robust decision-making in resourcing surveillance and incursion response activities in container port areas is essential to prevent further establishment of invasive alien species in Japan. We are grateful to the staff at the Office for Alien Species Management, Wildlife Division, Nature that the Ministry of and Technology Development 106 suspension of yard operations (Hashimoto et al., 2024). In addition, this silicone effectively prevents weeds, as verified by the absence of weed growth in the filled cracks for at least three years. We have initiated the implementation of these two techniques, mAITC and silicone-modified resin, in field the settings, Environment. Acknowledgements
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