Cambodia is expected to become shorter in the near future. It is necessary to develop a policy to provide an incentive for extending the lifespan of Cambodia’s two-wheelers. In this study, the flow of two-wheelers to Cambodia from other countries in Southeast Asia was estimated using UN Comtrade data. Then, lifespans of two-wheelers domestically produced in Cambodia and imported from other countries were analyzed, and lifespan distributions were determined using the Weibull distribution for each case. The existing population balance model was modified the different generations of owners. The number of obsolete two-wheelers in Cambodia was estimated during the period 2010–2040 using the population balance model modified accordingly reuse of two-wheelers imported from other countries and used by second and third owners in Cambodia. Finally, the requirement to ensure the appropriate treatment of obsolete two-wheelers in Cambodia was considered from the perspective of intermediate treatment and final recycling. B2B CAMBODIA (2020) Cambodian Car Market 2020. 12 8. Retrieved from https://www.b2b-cambodia.com/news/cambodian- South-South Economic Link. Although this study differentiates among associated countries in rough categories in terms of lifespan, it would be reasonable to expect that the average duration of each ownership in Cambodia, Vietnam, India, China and Thailand would actually differ. Further analysis to determine the lifespan of two-wheelers more accurately for each of the associated countries will also be necessary. Moreover, this study employed data from gasoline-fueled two-wheelers, it is reasonable to expect that the share of electric two-wheelers will increase in the future. It will be necessary to consider changes in the waste materials contained in two-wheelers in Cambodia from this perspective. These perspectives will be addressed in a future study. though We found that the number of discarded two-wheelers in Cambodia in 2040 will be in the range of 754,000 to 986,000 units. Since this is between 6.2 and 8.5 times higher that obsolete two-wheelers can be appropriately handled must be considered a top priority issue. that of 2020, ensuring than This study was partly supported by research funds from KAKENHI Grants (20K20013, and 19H04329) and from the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (S-16, JPMEERF16S11604). References Asian Development Bank (2011) Asian Development Outlook, Estimating Material Flow of Two-wheelers in Cambodia the to account for to consider the car-market-2020/ (accessed 14 January 2021) Bach Duong (2016) 86% of Vietnamese Motorcycle-owning Households, Second among 44 Countries / regions in the world. VIETJO. 6 14. Retrieved from https://www.b2b-cambodia.com/ news/cambodian-car-market-2020/ (accessed 19 March 2021) Chanthy, L. and Vilas, N. (2011) Is importing second-hand products a good thing? The cases of computers and tires in Cambodia. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 31(3): 187–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar. 2010.05.001 Cravioto, J., Yamasue, H., Nguyen, D.Q. and Huy, T.D. (2021) Benefits of a regional co-processing scheme: the case of steel/iron and cement industries in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. Curran, A. and Williams, I. D. (2010) The role of furniture and appliance in England and Wales. Conservation and Recycling. 54(10): 692–703. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.resconrec.2009.11.010 Duc, N. H., HOA, D. T. M., HUONG, N. T. and BAO, N. N. (2013) On various essential data related to status quo of motorcycles in Vietnam. Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies. https://doi.org/10.11175/easts.10.2080 Hoang, A. Q., Tomioka, K., Nguyen, T. M., Le, T. H., Ngo, C. K., Tu, M. B., Pham, V. H. and Takahashi, S. (2019) A preliminary investigation of 942 organic micro-pollutants in the atmosphere in waste processing and urban areas, northern Vietnam: Levels, potential sources, and risk assessment. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 167(15): 354–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ecoenv.2018.10.026 Hu, S. and Kurasaka, H. (2013) Projection of end-of-life vehicle (ELV) population at provincial level of China and analysis on the gap between the future requirements and the current situation of ELV treatment in China. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 15: 154–170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-012- 0102-9 Inghels, D., Dullaert, W., Raa, B. and Walther, G. (2016) Influence of composition, amount and life span of passenger cars on end-of-life vehicles waste in Belgium: A system dynamics approach. Transportation Research, Part A, 91, 80–104. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2016.06.005 JICA, KOASHOJI and FORVAL (2016) Business Survey for Dissemination of Waste Intermediate Treatment Technology and Promotion of Recycling in Cambodia. https://openjicareport.jica. go.jp/pdf/12265906.pdf (in Japanese) (accessed 12 May 2021) Kosai, S., Kishita, Y. and Yamasue, E. (2020) Estimation of the metal flow of WEEE in Vietnam considering lifespan transition. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 154, 104621. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.104621 Kumar, A., Holuszko, M. and Espinosa, D. C. R. (2017) E-waste: An overview on generation, collection, legislation and recycling practices. Resources Conservation and Recycling, 122: 32–42. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.01.018 Kurogi, D., Kosai, S., Murakami, G., Phong, L., Quang, N., Huy, T. and Yamasue, E. (2021) Estimating the generation of recycled metals for ELV management. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 23: 1563–1575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-021-01237-0 Lin, H.T., Nakajima, K., Yamasue, E. and Ishihara, K. N. (2018) Recycling of end-of-life vehicles in small islands: The case of Kinmen, Taiwan. Sustainability, 10: 4377. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/su10124377 Lu, B., Yang, J., Ijomah, W., Wu, W. and Zlamparet, G. (2018) Perspectives on reuse of WEEE in China: Lessons from the EU. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 135: 83–92. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.07.012 Murakami, S., Oguchi, M., Tasaki, T., Daigo, I. and Hashimoto, S. (2010) Lifespan of commodities, Part1. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 14. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9290. 2010.00250.x Nguyen, D. Q., Yamasue, E., Okumura, H. and Ishihara, K.N. (2009) Use and disposal of large home electronic appliances in Vietnam. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 11: 358–366. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163- 009-0264-2 Nguyen, D.Q., Ha, V.H., Yamasue, E. and Huynh, T.H. (2017) the Material flows from electronic waste: Understanding re-use organisations from obsolete motorcycles in Vietnam 91 Acknowledgement 5. Conclusion
元のページ ../index.html#97