The demand for various types of products has increased significantly in developing countries in recent years as a result of rapid urbanization, increased population and changing lifestyles (Takahashi, et al. 2017). 1 Ritsumeikan University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, 1. Introduction Key words: ELV, environmental dumping, motorcycle, recycling, Weibull distribution The increase in the demand for two-wheelers in Cambodia has led to a significant increase in the import of used two-wheelers from Asian countries. The practical lifespan of two-wheelers newly reused in Cambodia is therefore quite short, resulting in the quick and significant generation of end-of-life vehicles. While there has been an increase in the number of studies based on developing waste estimation models, scenarios in which reused products are imported to a given country have not been given significant attention. A model is needed that would account for two-wheelers imported for reuse by second and third owners in Cambodia, considering differences in lifespan among two-wheelers. In a scenario analysis for estimating the number of obsolete two-wheelers, both local production and import for reuse in Cambodia were considered during the period of 2010–2040. A population balance model modified for both cases was used in the scenario analysis. Through these analyses, it was estimated that the number of discarded two-wheelers in Cambodia in 2040 will be in the range of 754,000 to 986,000 units, which is 6.2–8.5 times more than in 2020. Strategies for waste mitigation and effective treatment for resource recycling using discarded two-wheelers in Cambodia are discussed to provide guidelines for avoiding environmental pollution and resource dissipation. The incremental demand for products in developing countries has resulted in an increase in the import and export of used products (Yoshida & Terazono, 2010). Developed countries export large quantities of used products to developing countries for the purpose of reuse (Yoshida & Terazono, 2010). Exporting large quantities of used products to developing countries for further consumption contributes to extension of the overall lifespan of products and to improved affordability in developing countries (Curran & Williams, 2010). Among waste management approaches, Abstract reuse performs well in terms of materials and energy recovery (Lu et al., 2018). In addition to the positive aspects of exporting used products to developing countries, there are some notable drawbacks. Because the used products have already been used for a number of years in another country, the practical lifespan of these newly reused commodities in the developing country is inevitably shorter than that of a new product. The expected consequence of this is a rapid increase in the number of obsolete products in developing countries in a relatively short time frame. It should be noted that because the current capacity of recycling facilities in developing countries is not sufficient to enable the proper treatment of obsolete products, the disposal of used products in these countries inevitably leads to environmental pollution and resource dissipation (Hoang et al., 2019). Since sustainable from developed countries 2021 AIRIES 85 Global Environmental Research 25/2021: 085–092 printed in Japan 2 Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, 3 Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu-shi, Shiga 525-8577, Japan 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu-shi, Shiga 525-8577, Japan Gokasho, Uji-shi, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan *E-mail:rm0139kf@ed.ritsumei.ac.jp Estimating Material Flows of Two-wheelers in Cambodia Imported Genya MURAKAMI1*, Shoki KOSAI2, Jordi CRAVIOTO3, Shunsuke KASHIWAKURA1 and Eiji YAMASUE1 from Asian Countries as Used Products
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