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This article has presented estimates of the potential material-saving parts remanufacturing in Southeast Asia. The potential for the year 2015 is estimated at 162,000 tons of material, 110,000 tons of steel and 0.13% of the steel used in the region. The potential for the year 2030 is estimated at 251,000 tons of material, 170,000 tons of steel and 0.13% of the steel used in the region. For steel use, the automotive sector (automobiles and spare parts) uses about 3.0% of the steel in the region, and spare parts remanufacturing has the potential for saving 5% of the sector’s steel use. This research was supported by the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency (ERCA) of Japan, Project ID: JPMEERF16S11603 of the Environmental Research and Technology Development Fund. 72 have different economic properties. Those six countries include more wealthy nations such as Singapore and Brunei, and also countries less developed than the four countries surveyed. Consumer behaviors could differ in those countries, and future research should include a market study in these six countries. Bobba, S., Marques dos Santos, F., Maury, T., Tecchio, P., Mehn, D., Weiland, F., Pekar, F., Mathieux, F. and Andente, F. (2021) Sustainable Use Automotive Remanufacturing to Boost Resource Efficiency in the Road Transport System (SMART). Retrieved from https://publications. jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC123261/2021-01-14_smart_final_report_def_pubsy_def.pdf (accessed 7 May 2021) Bobba, S., Tecchio, P., Ardente, F., Mathieux, F., Marques dos Santos, F. and Pekar F. (2020) Analyzing the contribution of automotive remanufacturing to the circularity of materials. Procedia CIRP, 90: 67–72. DBJ (Development Bank of Japan Inc.) (2015) Consideration of ASEAN Automobile Industry after the Foundation of AEC (in Japanese). Retrieved from https://www.dbj.jp/upload/investigate/ docs/226.pdf (accessed 21 July 2021) without the Hot Air, 2nd edition, UIT Cambridge, Cambridge. of Materials effects There are other sectors that consume large amounts of steel. Globally, 42% is used in buildings, 14% in infrastructure and 13% in mechanical equipment, among others. (Allwood & Cullen, 2015). Each sector should promote material long-term use, maintenance and remanufacturing. In addition to the market barriers discussed in the previous chapter, auto parts remanufacturers face core acquisition, technological and regulatory barriers. Governments are expected to help industries overcome these barriers and support the realization of a circular economy. saving of automotive through M. MATSUMOTO et al. 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(2017) Vehicle’s lightweight design vs. electrification from life cycle assessment perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production, 167: 687–701. OECD (Organisation OICA (International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers) (2021a) Sales Statistics. Retrieved from https://www.oica.net/ category/sales-statistics/ (accessed 14 May 2021) OICA (International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers) (2021b) Vehicles in Use. Retrieved from https://www.oica.net/ category/vehicles-in-use/ (accessed 14 May 2021) Tahara, K., Sinha, S., Sakamoto, R., Kojima, T., Taneda, K., Funasaki, A., Ohtaki, T. and Inaba, A. (2001) Comparison of CO2 emissions from alternative and conventional vehicles. World Resource Review, 13(1): 52–60. UNEP-IRP (United Nations Environment Programme, International Resource Panel) (2018) Redefining Value – The Manufacturing Revolution: Remanufacturing, Refurbishment, Repair and Direct Reuse in the Circular Economy. USITC (United States International Trade Commission) (2012) Remanufactured Goods: An Overview of the U.S. and Global Industries, Markets, and Trade. (Publication No. 4356). Retrieved from http://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/pub4356.pdf (accessed 21 July 2021) Widera, H. and Seliger, G. (2015) Methodology for exploiting potentials of remanufacturing by reducing complexity for original equipment manufacturers. CIRP Annals, 64(1): 463–466. Retrieved 2021. and Development) (2019) Global Material Resources Outlook to 2060. through Outlook Vehicle for Economic Co-operation Acknowledgement References Allwood, J.M. and Cullen, J.M. (2015) Sustainable Materials 4. Conclusions

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