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review focusing on these features is subsequently required to identify functions that need to be improved. This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP17H01941 and the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (S-16-1, JPMEERF16 S11610) of and Conservation Agency of Japan. The authors also thank Messrs. Sugita Yuya, Watanabe Yugo and Kano Akio for their work in the Graduate School of Engineering Master’s course at Osaka University. As described in Chapter 4, the design engineer is required to understand the relationship between local information and the FSM as well as recognize design issues. In this case, the EFSM itself is a concept visualization method information expressed as free-format short sentences is linked to the FSM, which enables the design engineer to recognize design issues and generate design ideas. Thus, local information used in the EFSM should be appropriately arranged for product design. For example, three similar sentences are linked to the function node “Wash” in Fig. 6 because they were observed by different individuals in different field studies. Although we consider that this type of arrangement suggests local information are representative of the general population in the target region and are important, the local information should be analyzed in more detail in future work. In this study, we proposed a framework for designing locally-oriented products by using an EFSM and MP environment. This framework enables us to utilize different types of local information, namely, descriptive and spatial information for product design, while focusing on local characteristics as appropriate. We demonstrated the usefulness of the proposed framework by applying it to a novel Vietnamese washing machine design. We hope to apply the framework to more design cases using Next, we discuss our evaluation using an MP environment. By reproducing the living space and home equipment in the MP environment, the evaluators could evaluate the products and product use cases holistically within an environment approximating the realities of daily life. However, because differences in the importance of each satisfier and their mutual dependency were not considered in this study, further analysis of the satisfiers is needed. The effect of spatial and temporal discrepancy between virtual objects and tangible prototypes, such as time delays between tactile and visual senses, is another issue that needs to be further analyzed. The limitations of the MP environment in time and space restrict the scope of evaluation to only the in-use process of products within a limited interior space. In general, the proposed framework can be applied during the early phase of product design. However, life-cycle thinking, including life-cycle planning (LCP), is necessary during the early phase of eco-design (Kobayashi, 2005). Therefore, we will consider a process that integrates the proposed framework and an eco-design framework such as LCP in future work. A Framework for Locally-oriented Product Design local in which the nodes of that various types of products in different regions, especially in developing countries in Asia. Brezet, H. and van Hemel, C. (1997) Ecodesign: a Promising Approach to Sustainable Production and Consumption. Paris: United Nations Environment Programme. Bruno, F., Cosco, F., Angilica, A. and Muzzupappa, M. (2010) Mixed prototyping for products usability evaluation, Proceeding of the ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, DETC2010-28841. Chiu, M. and Chu, C. (2012) Review of sustainable product design from life cycle perspectives. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 13(7): 1259–1272. Feeman, S.M., Wright, L.B. and Salmon, J.L. (2018) Exploration reality. and evaluation of CAD modeling Computer-Aided Design and Applications, 15(6): 892–904. Ghazali, I., Rashid, S., Dawal, S., Aoyama, H., Tontowi, A. and Ghazilla, A. (2018) Green product preference with respect to cultural influences: empirical study in Indonesia. International Journal of Automation Technology, 12(6): 842–852. Hertwich, E. (2005) Life cycle approaches Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G.J. and Minkov, M. (2010) Cultures and Organizations – Software of the Mind, 2010, Geert Hofstede BV. Hsu, C., Fan, C., Lin, J. and Lin, R. (2013) An investigation on consumer cognition of cultural design products. Bulletin of JSSD, 60(5): 39–48. Jackson, T. (2005) Motivating Sustainable Consumption, SDRN. Kano A., Watanabe Y., Murata, H., Fukushige, S. and Kobayashi, H. (2019) Needs-based design evaluation method using mixed prototyping environment. Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing (EcoDesign2019). Kishita, Y., Kuroyama, S., Matsumoto, M., Kojima, M. and Umeda, Y. (2018) Designing future visions of sustainable consumption and production in Southeast Asia. Procedia CIRP, 69: 66–71. Klement, M., Chráska, M. and Chrásková, M. (2015) The use of the semantic differential method in identifying the opinions of university students on education realized through e-learning. Procedia — Social and Behavioral Sciences, 186: 1214–1223. Kobayashi, H. (2005) Strategic evolution of eco-products: a life cycle planning methodology. Research in Engineering Design, 16(1–2): 1–16. Kobayashi, H. (2015) Perspectives on sustainable product design the Environmental Restoration in virtual to sustainable consumption: a critical review. Environmental Science & Technology, 39(13): 4673–4684. 49 Acknowledgements References Barbieri, L., Angilica, A., Bruno, F., Muzzupappa, M. (2013) Mixed prototyping with configurable physical archetype for usability evaluation of product interfaces. Computers in Industry, 64(3): 310–323. 5. Discussion 6. Conclusion

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