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twin-tub washing machine Vietnamese people. In the same target user segment in other South Asian countries, such as Indonesia and the Philippines, twin-tub washing machines are relatively popular. However, in this study, we designed this type of washing machine for the Vietnamese market; we disassembled a single tub washing machine for sale 46 individual’s attitude (Klement et al., 2015). It consists of multiple sets of adjectives with opposite meanings such as “hot ↔ cold” that are divided into 5 or 7 levels and each is set as an evaluation criterion. In this study, the evaluation criteria used in the SD method were extracted from satisfiers (Max-Neef, 1991) acquired from needs-based workshops in the target region. Requirements for the product are connected to the related satisfiers, and the connected satisfiers are converted into adjectives. Pairs of these bipolar adjectives (i.e., antonym pairs) are used as the evaluation criteria. The evaluation results are analyzed by comparing the score of each criterion target product before and after introducing design improvements. the for The purpose of In recent years, environmental issues have been surfacing due to population and economic growth in Southeast Asia (Kishita, et al., 2018). Although the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Vietnam is lower than that in high-income countries, its economic growth rate is the highest in Southeast Asia, so it is important to design for Vietnamese consumers at reasonable prices. In this study, we focus on the washing machine as an example application of the proposed design framework. locally-oriented Figure 3 shows a bathroom inside a traditional Vietnamese house. It consists of a washing machine and wash basin, a shower and a toilet. This configuration is typical in Vietnam. Here, clothes are washed by hand in the wash basin and/or washing machine. The custom of hand washing is popular because Vietnamese people commonly think that stains cannot be removed by available washing machines alone. Figure 4 shows wash basins for washing clothes and dishes outside the house. As an example application, we designed a new lower-middle-class framework the proposed products for H. KOBAYASHI et al. in a Vietnamese market and used it as the base product. Figure 5 shows the reference product disassembled. This product consists of relatively few parts compared with those sold in high-income countries. Figure 6 shows a screenshot of the visualization system for the EFSM made by adding a component structure and related local information to the FSM of the base product. The window in the upper-left of the figure contains the following local information: “Residents believe that washing by hand and then putting the clothes in the washing machine is the best way to remove dirt, but because they are busy, they wash their clothes in the washing machine only,” “washing machines are fast and convenient, but people believe that hand washing removes is appropriate application of local information with different properties to two product design processes. Namely, we apply 1) descriptive information on product use, lifestyle, climate and culture to create an EFSM, and on satisfiers to evaluate design solutions, and 2) spatial information from photos and videos to establish an MP environment. By using this framework, varied local information can be utilized to design locally-oriented products. Fig. 3 Bathroom in a traditional Vietnamese house. Fig. 4 Wash basins for washing clothes and dishes. Fig. 5 The local reference product disassembled. 4.2 Reverse Engineering 4.3 Recognition and Ideation using EFSM 4. Example Application 4.1 Field Observation

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