Realizing a sustainable society 1 Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan 2 School of Creative Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 1. Introduction Key words: locally-oriented product, satisfier, sufficiency, sustainable consumption and production (SCP), Ensuring sustainable consumption and production (SCP) patterns is an important task and is one of the United Nation’s sustainable development goals. Each SCP pattern needs to be appropriate for its target region, so they differ according to regional or local characteristics, including culture, climate and customs. Therefore, product design should take into account these characteristics as appropriate. The purpose of this study is to propose a framework for locally-oriented product design using an extended function-structure map and a mixed prototyping environment. The former is applied to identify local specific information related to product function structure and to generate design ideas, and the latter is applied to evaluate design solutions in a reconfigured living environment comparable with an actual one. Combining these two elements in the design process allows local information to contribute to the design of locally-oriented products. The usefulness of the proposed framework is shown by applying it to the development of an improved washing machine design for use in the Vietnamese living environment. sustainable design issue facing humanity The appropriateness of SCP patterns varies according to factors such as the culture, climate, lifestyle and social norms of the target region. Indeed, studies have pointed out that general differences in human nature can be explained by culture (Hofstede et al. 2010; see also Tasaki & Kojima (2021) in this special issue.), 2010) and climate (Waztsuji, 1961), which affect individual personalities at a is the most challenging today. Ensuring sustainable consumption and production (SCP) patterns is one of the United Nation’s sustainable development goals (SDGs; UNEP, 2010). Product companies have focused on improving the efficiency of production and products from the perspective of the environment. Eco-design guidelines and methodologies based on life-cycle thinking have been developed (Brezet & Hemel, 1997; Chiu & Chu, 2012; Kobayashi, 2005). They have contributed to improved eco-efficiency of products, and indices of product eco-efficiency have also been developed and applied (Kobayashi et al., 2005). level. This evidence suggests deeper that regional differences have a broad effect on the human nature of ordinary people. To achieve an appropriate SCP pattern in each region, one study identified the importance of focusing on in product design (Kobayashi, 2015). To recognize local characteristics and generate ideas for locally-oriented products, the same study extended function-structure analysis method that visualizes the relationship between local specific information and a product function-structure map (FSM) (Kobayashi, 2015). Another study later developed a visualization system for the extended function-structure map (EFSM) (Sugita et al., 2017). In contrast, SCP focuses on not only more efficient production and products but also on reduced consumption while satisfying human needs, which is referred to as “sufficiency” (UNEP, 2010). However, sufficiency has been discussed mainly in the context of sustainable consumption and consumer behavior (Hertwitch, 2005; Jackson, 2005), and there are few studies in the field of product development. To improve sufficiency related to local characteristics proposed concept the an of 2021 AIRIES 43 Global Environmental Research 25/2021: 043–050 printed in Japan 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan *E-mail: kobayashi@mech.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp Abstract A Framework for Locally-oriented Product Design Using Extended Function-structure Analysis and Mixed Prototyping Hideki KOBAYASHI1*, Shinichi FUKUSHIGE2 and Hidenori MURATA1
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