The authors express their gratitude to Eiko Kojima, a for former Environmental Studies (NIES) who currently works at the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), for putting together Inglehart and Hofstede’s literature and data in 2016. We also cordially thank all of the participants of the workshops. This study was supported and Technology by Development Fund the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency of Japan. “Cultural difference” is a very convenient term to use. However, it prevents us from developing a deeper understanding of local characteristics and SCP policies. CP patterns are formed more or less in a regional and local context, and SCP policies have to be adjusted to these contexts to be effective and also to avoid policy transfer failure. This study reviewed literature about cultural and geographical differences and workshop results. We then discussed regional/local characteristics to be considered in SCP policy from a societal approach position. We proposed a model structure to indicate how regional/local characteristics affect the constituents of CP patterns (CP preferences and CP enablers) and SCP policies (policy needs and policy preferences). Our discussion regional/local characteristics regional/local characteristics in Southeast Asia identified the following factors: climate and nature, existence and functions of business and infrastructure, economic growth and regional disparity, policy and regulation including religious rules, industries, relationship international cultural mindset characterized by a mixture of traditional and secular, high power distance (acceptance of inequality), relatively low self-expression, and high-context culture. These can be entry points for policymakers and practitioners to consider SCP policies and actions the local/regional context in Southeast Asia and that can enhance the effectiveness of SCP policies/actions. 40 or SCP policy is established, it influences culture, business and public policy. Therefore, localities cannot be clearly and precisely categorized. Third, only local characteristics related to SCP patterns and policies are targeted by this study. As argued by Hantrais (2007), culturalist approaches make meaningful generalizations very difficult as they tend to illustrate diversity and divergence rather than similarity and a context-dependent societal approach and focused only on factors influencing SCP patterns and policy to guide SCP practitioners (including factors that would play an important role in the future). The SCP localities we discussed the cultural/geographical differences discussed by culturists. Fourth, local characteristics include both (1) those that act as a promoting/hindering factor influencing individual CP patterns and (2) those influencing whether a combination of multiple CP patterns can occur. For example, local regulation and local market conditions (including stakeholders’ perceptions) can influence whether or not private cars, taxis, ride hailing/sharing, public buses and trains compete or coexist. In convergence. thus are on CP-related policy-related based and between government trade, Although these insights are informative for SCP this study, we same not the and people’s that are fitted T. TASAKI and M. KOJIMA practitioners local characteristics and helping appropriate caution to be applied in policy transfer, we do not think they are sufficient as a rationale for taking specific actions. Every action has a specific context and has to take into account very specific elements of CP patterns and stakeholders. As discussed, local characteristics are relative and it is difficult for only insiders or only outsiders to be aware of all local characteristics. This can result in failure of SCP policy implementation. SCP practitioners need both to have a basic perspective and to make individual efforts to grasp and implementing SCP policies. took regionalities/localities when designing as the Environment Research to Ackaradejruangsri, P. (2015) Insights on GrabTaxi: An alternative ride service in Thailand. Review of Integration of Business Economics Research, 4 (3): 49–61. Cairney, P. (2012) Understanding Public Policy: Theories and Issues. Palgrave Macmillan, Hampshire. Dolowitz, D.P. and Marsh, D. (2000) Learning from abroad: The role of policy in contemporary policy-making. Governance, 13(1): 5–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/0952-1895. 00121 Esteve, A. and Liu, C. (2013) Families in Asia: A Cross-national comparison of intergenerational co-residence. Presented at Strand 3. Demographic datasets in the first cyberseminar, ‘Family demography: Advancing knowledge about intergenerational relationships and exchanges low- and middle-income countries,’ The University of Southampton, 10 January, 2014. Retrieved from http://blog.soton.ac.uk/intergen/files/2014/01/Es teve_Liu_Families-in-Asia_IUSSP_Cyberseminar.pdf (accessed 16 April 2021) Geerthofstede.com (2015) Dimension Data Matrix. Retrieved from https://geerthofstede.com/research-and-vsm/dimension-data-matrix/ (accessed 28 March 2021) Geertz, C. (1973) The Interpretation of Cultures. Basic Books, New York. Hall, E.T. and Hall, M.R. (1990) Understanding Cultural Differences. Intercultural Press, Boston. Hantrais, L. (2007) Contextualization in cross-national comparative research. In: Hantrais, L. and Mangen, S. (eds), Cross-National Research Methodology and Practice, Routledge, Oxon, 3–18. Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik, J.H.P. and Warner, B. (2014) Harmonising Demographic and Socio-Economic Variables for Cross-National Comparative Survey Research. Springer, Dordrecht. in raising awareness at colleague the National (JPMEERF16S11600) of transfer in about Institute Acknowledgements References 4. Conclusion
元のページ ../index.html#46