Global_Environmental_Research_Vol.25No1&2
27/124

and commutations (Lüdeke-Freund et al., 2018). Digitalization may be able to revitalize reuse or sharing by increasing connectivity among users, products and services. In this paper, we have discussed various policy domains and menus under different versions of SCP by focusing on 1) product lifecycle policy, and 2) policy for changes in provision systems. We have also compared how policy approaches may differ between those in the SCP 2.0 era, which focus on a lifecycle approach, and those under SCP 2.0, which require future envisioning for socio-technical system change. In doing so, we mentioned that SCP 3.0 requires a new policy-making approach suitable for a socio-technical system transition. We therefore have further promoted the concept of EnBPM. In particular, evidence for realization of the visions must be accumulated through social experiments. We have identified 1) formulation of a vision for a future society through scenario analysis and narratives leading up to it, 2) evidence from social experiments in which stakeholders participate, 3) an increased role for capital indicators to measure development of social wellbeing, and 4) social entrepreneurs to foster new business models for advancing SCP. With growing interest in the utilization of ICT, innovation and dematerialization expressed in the circular economy concept, the emerging attention on a sharing economy is also closely related to policy emphasis on innovation and new business models. A sharing economy or collaborative consumption, which entails “peer-to-peer based activity of obtaining, giving or sharing access to goods and services” enabled by information and communications technologies, has the potential to address social issues such as climate change, pollution, localness and community, and under- and over-consumption (Hamari et al., 2016). The sharing economy is framed in several ways, including as an opportunity for improving the of consumption and promoting decentralized and equitable economy, neoliberalism and deregulation (Martin, 2016). The most important point is that there is a shift in the discourse represented in this concept and that “the term goes beyond the mechanics of production and consumption of goods and services in the areas that it seeks to redefine (examples include rebuilding capital, including social and natural, and shifting from consumer to user)” (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2013). It is essential to develop a social business model and promote private investment. introducing economy, important four In particular, in future international cooperation on sustainability, the perspectives of investing in social experiments innovation will become social and SCP Policy Design for Socio-technical System Change sustainable ways pillars for EnBPM: increasingly important. It is also important to evaluate international collaborative projects in terms of whether they encourage social innovation towards transition to sustainability. Aoki-Suzuki, C. (2015) Examining Future Implementation of Waste Prevention and Resource Reduction Policies in Asia and the Pacifi c – Referring Practices in European Countries. IGES, Hayama, Japan. Retrieved from https://www.iges.or.jp/jp/pub/ examining-future-implementation-prevention-and/en (accssesed 6 September 2021) Bocken, N. M. P., Short, S. W., Rana, P. and Evans, S. (2014) A literature and practice review to develop sustainable business model archetypes. Journal of Cleaner Production, 65: 42–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.11.039 Cabinet Office of Japan (2011) Measuring National Well-Being- Proposed Well-being Indicators. Cabinet Office of Japan, Tokyo. Retrieved from https://www5.cao.go.jp/keizai2/koufukudo/pdf/ koufukudosian_english.pdf (accessed 6 September 2021) Ellen MacArthur Foundation (2013) Towards European Commission (2009) GDP and Beyond-Measuring Progress in a Changing World. European Commission, Brussels. from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cros/system/files/ Retrieved 06_GDP%20and%20beyond.pdf (accessed 6 September 2021) Fleurbaey, M. (2009) Beyond GDP: The quest for a measure of social welfare. Journal of Economic Literature, 47(4), 1029–1075. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.47.4.1029 G20 (2019) G20 Osaka Leaders’ Declaration, G20 Osaka Summit 2019. Retrieved from https://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/economy/ g20_summit/osaka19/en/documents/final_g20_osaka_leaders_declaration.html (accessed 31 August 2021) Hák, T., Janoušková, S., Abdallah, S., Seaford, C. and Mahony, C. (2012) Review Report Indicators: Categorisation, Intensions and Impacts: Final Version of BRAINPOoL Deliverable 1.1, A Collaborative Project Funded by the European Commission under the FP7 Programme (Contract no. 283024). CUEC, Prague. Retrieved from https://www. socioeco.org/bdf_fiche-document-2817_en.html 6 September 2021) Hamari, J., Sjoklint, M. and Ukkonen, A. (2016) The sharing economy: Why people participate in collaborative consumption. Journal of for Information Science and Technology, 67(9): 2047–2059. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi Hotta, Y., Tasaki, T. and Koide, R. (2021) Expansion of policy domain of sustainable consumption and production (SCP): Challenges and opportunities for policy design. Sustainability, 13(12): 6763. https://doi.org/10.3390/ SU13126763 Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (2010) Policy Tools for Sustainable Materials Management : Applications in Asia,. IGES, Hayama, Japan. Retrieved from https://www.iges.or.jp/jp/ pub/policy-tools-sustainable-materials-management/en (accessed 6 September 2021) Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), Aalto University,and D-mat ltd. (2019). 1.5-Degree Lifestyles: Targets and Options for Reducing Lifestyle Carbon Footprints. Technical Report. Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Hayama, Japan. Retrieved from https://www.iges.or.jp/jp/pub/15-degrees- lifestyles-2019/en (accessed 6 September 2021) Kamei, M., Mastrucci, A., van Ruijven, B.J. (2021b) A Future Outlook of Narratives for the Built Environment in Japan. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1653. https://doi.org/10.3390/su1 3041653 Kamei, M., Wangmo, T., Leibowicz, B.D., Nishioka, S. (2021) Urbanization, carbon neutrality, and Gross National Happiness: Sustainable development pathways for Bhutan. Cities, Volume 111,102972. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.102972 Koide, R., Hotta, Y. and Watabe, A. (2020) EBPM towards lifestyle innovation. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy the Circular Economy Vol.1 Ecnomic and Business Rationale for an Accelarated Transition. (Vol. 1). Ellen MacAurthur Foundation, Cowes, UK. https://doi.org/10.1162/108819806775545321 (accessed 21 on Beyond GDP the Association References 5. Conclusion

元のページ  ../index.html#27

このブックを見る