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establish SCP patterns that decouple socio-economic development and increases in environmental loads from the real sense of securing people’s well-being and happiness. To respond to the environmental, economic, and social problems mentioned in the introduction and to The PECoP-Asia project fields: A task force established during the project made a draft policy report for SCP policy makers by integrating research results and policy recommendations of all research groups. The Asia-Pacific Roundtable on Sustainable Consumption and Production (APRSCP) reviewed the draft and proposed several viewpoints that it had found lacking, e.g., the importance of bottom-up approaches. The first version of the policy report proposed four courses of SCP policy and 12 opportunities for SCP policymaking (PECoP-Asia, 2018). Based on the policy report, a policy brief was compiled and publicized in a side event of the United Nations High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development 2018 (PECoP-Asia & APRSCP, 2018). In 2020, we revised the first version considering the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic as described in the Introduction. Policy Development for Sustainable Consumption and Production in Asia is a research project launched in 2016, gathering 11 research groups in Japan from different systems engineering, urban engineering, sociology, policy science, environmental economics and business administration. The project aims to design policy packages for achieving SCP patterns in the Asian region. Each group approaches this common goal from its field of expertise using various stakeholders’ practices and considering characteristics of respective areas, including their economy and lifestyles. Fig. 2 Expanding focus and menu of SCP policies. achieve the SDGs all over the world, it is necessary not only to treat the “symptoms” of individual issues, but also to transform human activities fundamentally and change our governance (Kanie & Biermann, 2017). Geels et al. (2015) explained that there are three different positions for SCP: reformist, revolutionary and reconfigurative positions. The latter two positions take transformation into account, paying more attention to it. This section proposes four strategic courses that SCP policies shall pursue to achieve the SDG 12 goals with a target year of 2030 as described below. These courses of action are in line with future mid- to long-term policies in the “Asia Pacific Regional Roadmap for Sustainable Consumption and Production” (see UNEP and APRSCP (2017) for the latest version) and the Cebu declaration of APRSCP (2021). Figure 2 illustrates policy goals and the growth of menus according to the expansion of policy issues based on Hotta et al. (2021). As shown in the first column, SCP information. These policies cover 5 3.1 SCP Policies are Expanding from the Environmental Policy Domain to the Socio-economic Technology Domain SCP policies must include contents suited to the context of each country, as argued by Tasaki and Kojima (2021) in this special issue. Many Asian countries have strengthened SCP policies covering areas such as cleaner production, renewable energy, waste management and consumer the conventional targets among the range of the SCP policies that have expanded for the last four decades. SCP policies have also changed institutional and regulatory structures to some extent, as reflected in SCP National Action Plans, providing the platform for inter-ministerial coordination and partnerships with the private sector and other stakeholders. 3. Four Strategic Courses of SCP Policy

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