Cantril ladder Table 2 presents the main survey questions. We conducted five types of analyses, which are summarized in Table 3. We present an overview of their results in the next chapter. and SWB in Japan (Tsurumi et al., 2020b) Figure 2 presents simplified estimation results for the total relationship consumption expenditure and SWB. We found that total consumption (life satisfaction and the Cantril ladder), while emotional well-being (affect balance) had a certain threshold. The definitions of total monthly household consumption expenditure and SWB are presented in Table 2. Figure 2 implies that increasing total consumption could improve individuals’ life evaluation, which makes mitigating between monthly contributed Sustainable Consumption in Terms of Subjective Well-being in Asia household to life evaluation Please imagine a ladder with steps numbered from 0 at the bottom to 10 at the top. The top of the ladder represents the best possible life for you, while the bottom of the ladder represents the worst possible life for you. On which step of the ladder would you say that you stand at this time? Responses are given on an integer scale from 0 to 10. Overall, how satisfied are you with your life? Responses are given on an integer scale from 1 (“not at all satisfied”) to 5 (“completely satisfied”). Overall, how happy are you with your life? Responses are given on an integer scale from 1 (“unhappy”) to 5 (“very happy”). Overall, to what extent do you feel that the things you do in your life are worthwhile? Responses are given on an integer scale from 0 (“not at all worthwhile”) to 10 (“completely worthwhile”). How often have you felt or experienced the following feelings or actions? Please answer in terms of a week. Positive affect: pleasure, enjoyment, smile. Negative affect: anger, sadness. Four-step evaluation; 4 = “often,” 3 = “sometimes,” 2 = “rarely,” and 1 = “not at all.” A balance of five affect categories derived from the average values of positive affect categories minus those of negative affect categories. Please tell us your yearly household income. Approximately, how much does your household spend monthly on consumption? What is the average monthly amount spent in your household to purchase “goods” (electrical appliances, furniture, clothes, shoes, publications and other sundries, excluding expenditure related to housing, cars and bikes)? What is the average monthly amount spent in your household on “consumption relating to interactions with your family, relatives, friends and acquaintances” (e.g., travel, gifts, dining with them in your own home or outside, excluding expenditure related to housing, cars and bikes)? Theme rampant consumption difficult. Figure 3 shows simplified estimation results of the relationship between material consumption and SWB, and that between relational consumption and SWB. The definitions of both material consumption and relational Note: Vertical line corresponds to life evaluation (life satisfaction and the Cantril ladder) and emotional well-being (affect balance). Survey question Fig. 2 Consumption and SWB (Japan). Based on the Data Survey 1 Survey 1 Surveys 2, 3, and 4 Survey 4 Surveys 1 and 5 results of Tsurumi et al. (2020b). Publication Tsurumi et al. (2020b) Tsurumi et al. (2020a) Tsurumi et al. (2021b) Tsurumi et al. (2020c) Tsurumi et al. (2021a; 2021c) 95 Table 2 Main survey questions. SWB Life satisfaction Subjective happiness Eudaimonia Affect balance (within a week) Household income (US$) Total consumption (US$) Material consumption (US$) Relational consumption (US$) Table 3 Our five analyses Analysis 1 Relationship between consumption and SWB in Japan Analysis 2 Effects of “way of thinking and belief” on the relationship between consumption and SWB in Japan Relationship between consumption and SWB in urban and rural VietnamAnalysis 3 Analysis 4 Effects of attachment to material goods on the relationship between consumption and SWB: Evidence from rural Vietnam Relationship between consumption and SWB in Japan: Comparison of before and during the COVID-19 pandemic Analysis 5 3. Results 3.1 Analysis 1: Relationship between Consumption
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